This study aimed to assess and identify the most effective fitness tests for evaluating the physical performance of male basketball athletes at Industrial University Ho Chi Minh City. The purpose was to establish a standardized testing protocol that accurately reflects the sport-specific demands of basketball, including strength, agility, endurance, and explosive power. A total of 40 male basketball players, aged 18–24 years, participated in the study. Participants underwent a comprehensive battery of fitness tests, including the vertical jump test, 20-meter sprint, agility T-test, Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, and medicine ball throw, administered over a two-week period under controlled conditions. The data were analyzed to determine reliability, sensitivity, and relevance of each test to basketball performance.